Fiberglass
General Description
Fiberglass is part of a group of materials known as synthetic vitreous fibers, which include fibrous glass, mineral wool (slag wool and rock wool), and ceramic fibers. Fiberglass is commonly used in insulation, ductwork, ceiling tiles, laboratory equipment housings, and various construction materials, and it may be found in federal workplaces such as mechanical rooms, maintenance shops, storage areas, and facility heating and cooling systems.
Workers Who May Be Exposed
Workers such as HVAC technicians, maintenance staff, and health and safety personnel may encounter fiberglass, particularly when insulation is damaged or deteriorating. Loose or disturbed insulation can release airborne fibers that settle on workers, surfaces, tools, and floors. Wet cleaning methods or HEPA‑filter vacuums should be used to remove accumulated dust; dry sweeping can make fibers airborne and increase exposure.
Health Effects
Short‑term exposure may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, as well as coughing or sneezing. Skin contact can lead to itching or dermatitis. These symptoms typically subside once exposure ends. Prolonged exposure at high concentrations may contribute to chronic bronchitis or other respiratory issues.
Exposure Limits
OSHA classifies fiberglass as a nuisance dust, with a permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 5 mg/m³ for respirable dust and 15 mg/m³ for total dust over an 8‑hour workday. Many manufacturers recommend a more protective limit of 1 fiber/cm³.
Protective Measures
To reduce exposure, maintain adequate ventilation and use wet cleaning techniques or HEPA‑filter vacuums. Avoid dry sweeping or using compressed air. Appropriate PPE—such as N95 respirators, long‑sleeved clothing, and coveralls—can help prevent irritation and limit inhalation of fibers. Workers should wash or shower at the end of the shift to remove any residual fibers.
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